Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands Biosphere Reserve spans a vast archipelago of over 570 islands in the Bay of Bengal. It was established in 1989 to conserve the unique ecosystems and biodiversity of the islands. The reserve includes tropical rainforests, mangrove forests, coral reefs, and pristine beaches, supporting over 2,200 plant species, 270 bird species, and many endemic and endangered animals. The reserve encompasses both the Andaman group and the Nicobar group, featuring diverse habitats such as evergreen forests, littoral forests, and tidal mudflats. These environments sustain native wildlife, including saltwater crocodiles, dugongs, and the Nicobar megapode.
Historically, the islands have been home to indigenous tribes such as the Great Andamanese, Onge, Jarawa, and Sentinelese, whose traditional lifestyles are a vital part of the region's cultural heritage. Visitors are drawn to the reserve for activities like snorkeling and scuba diving to explore vibrant coral reefs, birdwatching, and trekking through dense forest trails. Some of the notable landmarks within the reserve include Mount Harriet National Park, Galathea National Park, and the limestone caves of Baratang Island. The remote nature and ecological richness offer a tranquil outdoor experience that emphasizes conservation and respect for local cultures. Access is regulated to protect flora, fauna, and tribal populations, making it an ideal destination for eco-tourists, researchers, and nature enthusiasts.
