Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
The Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve protects remnants of the once expansive Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica), one of the richest and most endangered tropical rainforests in the world. Spanning over 1.3 million square kilometers along Brazil's eastern coast and touching nine states, the reserve encompasses steep mountainous terrain, coastal ecosystems, and lush rainforest valleys. This area is a biodiversity hotspot, home to thousands of endemic plant and animal species, including jaguars, golden lion tamarins, and numerous bird species. The forest's ecological importance derives from its high levels of endemism and ecosystem services including climate regulation and water supply. Historically, the Atlantic Forest suffered extensive deforestation due to agriculture, urbanization, and logging, but recent conservation efforts have targeted habitat restoration and species protection. Visitors to the reserve can explore several national parks and ecological stations, enjoy guided wildlife viewing, hiking on forest trails, and visit traditional communities practicing sustainable agriculture. Notable landmarks include Iguazu Falls at the southern edge of the forest, Serra do Mar mountain range, and remnants of the Atlantic Forest's coastal mangroves and restingas. The biosphere reserve fosters a commitment to balancing human activity with biodiversity conservation and is an increasingly popular destination for eco-tourism, photographic safaris, and environmental education. Accessibility varies by site, with some protected fragments offering developed visitor infrastructure while others remain remote and strictly conserved.