Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
The Orkney Islands Special Protection Area (SPA) is located off the northeastern coast of mainland Scotland and encompasses multiple islands within the Orkney archipelago. This SPA was designated under the European Union Birds Directive to safeguard internationally important seabird populations and other key avian species breeding or wintering here. The area includes cliff faces, coastal moorlands, heathlands, and shorelines that provide critical nesting and feeding grounds for species such as Atlantic puffin, common guillemot, razorbill, black-legged kittiwake, and northern gannet. The rugged coastline is punctuated by dramatic cliffs and sea stacks which also serve as important haul-out sites for seals. The region boasts a rich archaeological history, visible in numerous Neolithic sites like Skara Brae, as well as historic structures such as the Italian Chapel, which contribute cultural interest alongside the natural features. Outdoor recreation in the SPA centers on birdwatching, coastal hiking, and photography, with trails weaving across the islands offering panoramic views of the North Sea and diverse wildlife encounters. Visits often include guided tours focusing on the conservation significance of the area. Accessibility is primarily by ferry or air, linking the islands with Scotland’s mainland. The Orkney Islands SPA is cherished for its ecological importance and offers visitors a serene, remote environment to explore unique northern ecosystems and cultural landmarks.
