Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve is a remarkable area located in the Basque Country of northern Spain, offering a rich display of ecological diversity across its 9,012 hectares (22,262 acres). Designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1984, this area serves as a critical habitat for numerous species and supports a range of ecosystems, including marshes, forests, and coastal environments. The reserve is formed around the estuary of the Oka River and spans to the Bay of Biscay, offering a dynamic landscape of tidal flats and densely wooded valleys. Historically, Urdaibai has been home to various human settlements, with archaeological sites evidencing the presence of ancient cultures. Today, visitors can explore its varied terrain on foot, by boat, or through bird-watching expeditions—particularly in the wetland areas, which attract a wide range of avian species. Notable landmarks include the medieval town of Guernica and the Santimamiñe caves. For outdoor enthusiasts, the reserve offers hiking, nature photography, and educational opportunities, all while underscoring the importance of conservation and responsible recreation.
