Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
The White Mountains Natura 2000 Site, known locally as 'Lefka Ori', is a protected natural area located in the western part of Crete, Greece. This site forms part of the Natura 2000 network aimed at conserving Europe's most valuable and threatened species and habitats. Encompassing approximately 300 square kilometers, the area is dominated by rugged limestone mountain ranges rising to over 2,400 meters, including Mount Pachnes, the second-highest peak on Crete. The region features steep cliffs, deep gorges such as the Samaria Gorge, and plateaus that create diverse microhabitats. Vegetation consists of Mediterranean shrublands, endemic Cretan fir forests, and alpine flora rare to the Mediterranean basin. The site supports numerous protected species, including the endangered Cretan wild goat (kri-kri), Griffon vultures, and several rare orchids.
Historically, the mountains have been a refuge for local communities and a center of traditional pastoralism. Visitors are drawn to the area for extensive hiking opportunities on well-established trails, including the famous Samaria Gorge trek, scenic viewpoints, and cultural experiences in nearby villages. The White Mountains also serve as a critical water catchment area sustaining the surrounding ecosystems and communities. The combination of natural beauty, ecological significance, and outdoor activities makes this site a key destination for nature enthusiasts exploring Crete.
