Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
The Hoy and West Mainland Special Protection Area (SPA) is located in the western part of the Orkney archipelago in northern Scotland, encompassing the island of Hoy and the adjoining western headlands of Mainland Orkney. Designated under the European Union Birds Directive, this area safeguards vital breeding grounds for several seabird species including the internationally significant populations of red-throated divers, great black-backed gulls, and Arctic skuas. The coastline is characterized by steep cliffs, rocky shores, and expansive moorland that provide essential nesting habitats. Inland, the landscape features a mix of heath, grasslands, and wetlands supporting a rich variety of plant and animal life.
Historically, Hoy has cultural and archaeological significance with sites such as the Dwarfie Stane, a unique Neolithic chambered tomb hewn from red sandstone, attracting visitors interested in ancient history alongside natural beauty. Outdoor enthusiasts can explore rugged hiking trails that offer sweeping views over the Atlantic Ocean, dramatic sea stacks, and chances to spot seabirds and marine mammals. Due to the area's exposed northern maritime climate, weather can be unpredictable but adds to the wild character of the landscape.
Visitors are drawn to Hoy's Old Man of Hoy sea stack, one of the tallest stacks in the UK, which is a popular climbing destination and iconic landmark. Birdwatchers frequently visit during breeding seasons to observe the diverse seabird colonies. The special protection area balances conservation efforts with promoting responsible recreation, offering quiet natural surroundings that highlight Scotland’s unique northern coastline.
