Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
The Somerset Levels and Moors Special Protection Area (SPA) covers approximately 16,000 hectares across southwest England in the county of Somerset. This low-lying tract of reclaimed wetlands, floodplains, and peat moors lays mostly below sea level and is intersected by rivers such as the Parrett, Tone, and Brue. The area's flat expanse is punctuated by man-made drainage ditches, rhynes, and wildlife-friendly water control systems designed to manage seasonal flooding while preserving critical habitats. The SPA is internationally recognized for its importance to wetland birds, especially over-wintering populations of wildfowl and waders, including large flocks of Bewick's swans, Eurasian wigeons, and lapwings. It also supports breeding grounds for species like the Eurasian bittern and marsh harrier. Beyond birds, the Levels sustain important populations of rare invertebrates, aquatic plants, and amphibians, supported by a mosaic of fen, reedbeds, and pasture. The landscape carries a rich cultural history shaped by centuries of human interaction with the water and peatlands, with archaeological sites dating back to the Neolithic period. Recreation focuses on birdwatching, walking along quiet country lanes and designated trails, and exploring nature reserves such as Westhay Moor and Ham Wall, stewarded by conservation organizations like the RSPB and Somerset Wildlife Trust. The area’s quiet rural character and accessibility make it a favored destination for wildlife photographers and waterfowl enthusiasts. Visitor facilities include bird hides at several reserves and interpretation centers emphasizing the ecological and cultural significance of this unique wetland habitat.
