Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge is located primarily on the islands of Green Bay, a sub-basin of Lake Michigan, off the eastern coast of Wisconsin. Established in 1913, the refuge comprises a collection of islands such as Chambers Island, Little Charity Island, and Plum Island. These islands provide essential breeding and resting grounds for numerous bird species, including colonial nesting waterbirds such as cormorants, herons, and gulls. The refuge's habitats range from forested uplands and sandy beaches to marshy wetlands, offering diverse ecological environments. Human access to the refuge is limited to protect the sensitive wildlife, particularly during nesting seasons, but kayaking and boating around the islands allow visitors to appreciate the scenic views and observe wildlife from a respectful distance. The refuge also supports a variety of fish and other aquatic species in Green Bay’s clear waters. While there are no developed campgrounds within the refuge itself, nearby shorelines and parks provide opportunities for camping and day use. Visitors interested in birdwatching, photography, and paddling find this area appealing due to its remote wilderness character and rich wildlife assemblages. The refuge plays a vital role in regional conservation efforts by preserving habitat connectivity and supporting migratory bird populations along the Great Lakes flyway. Its preservation contributes to maintaining Green Bay’s ecological health, offering quiet natural spaces outside of the surrounding developed areas.
