Loess Bluffs National Wildlife Refuge

Loess Bluffs National Wildlife Refuge spans approximately 7,000 acres in the Missouri River floodplain near Mound City, Missouri. Originally established as the Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge in 1935 and renamed in 2017, the refuge was created to provide critical habitat for migratory birds, especially waterfowl, amid the vast agricultural landscape of the Great Plains. The geography is characterized by loess hills—wind-deposited silt—forming gentle rolling bluffs separated by wetland pools, marshes, and moist soil units, creating an ideal wetland stopping point along the Central Flyway. The refuge is home to thousands of ducks, geese, and other birds during migration seasons, including snow geese, tundra swans, and diverse shorebird species. It also provides habitat for deer, wild turkey, coyotes, and other native wildlife. Key recreational activities include birdwatching, photography, hiking on a series of interpretive trails, and educational programs themed around migratory bird conservation. The refuge's visitor center offers exhibits and seasonal viewing opportunities. Iconic landmarks include observation blinds overlooking expansive marshes and waterfowl impoundments. Loess Bluffs is particularly popular during the late fall and early winter waterfowl migrations when large flocks gather, making it a nationally significant birding location. Visitors appreciate the easy access, well-maintained walking trails, and chances to observe wildlife in natural settings. The refuge emphasizes habitat restoration and preservation, balancing public enjoyment with conservation goals.