Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge encompasses approximately 3,940 acres of protected salt marshes, mudflats, and open waters located along the southern part of San Diego Bay, California. Established in 1999, this refuge is the first urban national wildlife refuge in the United States designed to preserve the natural ecology of a heavily developed coastal estuary. The refuge serves as an essential habitat for numerous bird species, including migratory shorebirds, waterfowl, and several endangered species such as the California least tern and light-footed Ridgway's rail. The diverse habitats within the refuge also support fish, invertebrates, and marine mammals, providing critical nursery areas and feeding grounds. Visitors can enjoy wildlife observation platforms and guided walks, particularly during bird migration seasons, when the refuge hosts large concentrations of shorebirds and waterfowl. Educational programs and volunteer activities foster stewardship and awareness of wetland ecosystems. With no developed trails or campgrounds inside the refuge, visitors are encouraged to respect the sensitive environment by using designated viewing areas. The refuge is adjacent to the San Diego Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, enhancing regional conservation efforts and public engagement. Its close proximity to San Diego’s urban core offers an accessible outdoor experience focused on appreciation and protection of coastal wetlands and migratory bird habitats.
