Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge spans over 9,100 acres along a 16-mile stretch of the Columbia River, straddling northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington. The refuge was established in 1969 to preserve important wetland, riparian, and upland habitats that support a wide range of wildlife species. Its landscape features backwater sloughs, marshes, oxbow lakes, interspersed with grasslands and shrub-steppe environments. This variation provides ideal breeding and foraging grounds for numerous migratory waterfowl, shorebirds, and songbirds, making it a prime destination for birdwatchers. Key species include Canada geese, mallards, great blue herons, and several species of raptors. The refuge's location along the Pacific Flyway adds to its importance in supporting migratory bird populations. In addition to its ecological value, the refuge offers recreational opportunities such as hiking, wildlife observation from designated viewing platforms, and photography. While the Umatilla River and Columbia River borders offer scenic backdrops, access is managed to minimize disturbance to wildlife. The area has a history of Native American use and was later impacted by agricultural development before federal protection. Visitors find the refuge appealing for its natural serenity, diverse fauna, and well-maintained trails that showcase its habitats through all seasons. Educational programs and interpretive signs provide insights into the ecosystem and species that rely on it.
