Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
The Greenbrier River Watershed encompasses over 950 square miles in the Allegheny Plateau region of southeast West Virginia. Defined primarily by the 173-mile-long Greenbrier River—the longest undammed river in the eastern United States—this watershed drains diverse landscapes of steep ridges, fertile valleys, and extensive hardwood forests. The watershed includes portions of several protected areas such as Monongahela National Forest and Gauley Ranger District, offering a combination of ecological richness and scenic beauty. The river itself is a designated Wild and Scenic River, renowned for its clean water, native trout populations, and excellent opportunities for canoeing and kayaking. The watershed is home to diverse flora including oak, hickory, maple, and hemlock, and fauna such as black bears, white-tailed deer, river otters, and several rare freshwater mussels. Historically, the watershed has significance for early Native American presence and for its role in Appalachian coal and timber industries, some of which shaped current land use and conservation efforts. Outdoor enthusiasts visit for the extensive trail systems including the Greenbrier River Trail, a 78-mile rail-trail that follows the river valley, appealing to hikers, mountain bikers, and horseback riders. Other popular activities include fly fishing for native trout, scenic paddling along gentle river stretches, and exploring natural caves. Several small towns along the river, such as Lewisburg and White Sulphur Springs, provide access points with amenities and cultural attractions. The Greenbrier River Watershed offers a blend of natural tranquility and outdoor adventure within a largely rural and historically rich Appalachian setting.
