Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Located on the northeastern slopes of Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaii, Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge encompasses high-elevation tropical rainforest and montane cloud forest ecosystems. Established in 1985, this refuge safeguards some of the last remaining native forest bird habitat in Hawaii, supporting endangered species such as the ‘I‘iwi, ‘Akepa, and Hawaii Creeper. The refuge is characterized by dense koa and ‘ōhi‘a lehua trees, with a cool, moist climate and frequent cloud cover. These conditions create a critical environment for rare native flora and fauna. The area offers limited but rewarding hiking opportunities primarily for birdwatchers and researchers, with access often requiring permits to protect fragile habitats. Known for its role in Hawaiian conservation, the refuge has been the focus of extensive ecological restoration, predator control, and captive breeding programs aimed at preventing extinction of native species. Visitors who gain access may explore trails like the Hakalau Forest Trail to appreciate the unique forest environment and glimpse rare birds. The refuge’s proximity to both Hilo and the summit trails up Mauna Kea makes it a valuable part of Hawaii’s natural heritage. Although public access is restricted and limited to specific guided tours or permitted activities, the refuge remains a vital site for education, research, and conservation efforts related to Hawaii’s endangered forest ecosystems.
